A Critical Review of Approaches to the Design of Floating-Liner Apparatus for Instantaneous Piston Assembly Friction Measurement

Several approaches have been developed to measure instantaneous friction between the piston assembly and cylinder in internal combustion (IC) engines, such as floating-liner, reciprocating liner, mean effective pressure (IMEP), fixed sleeve, (P-?) method tribological bench tests. However, “floating-liner method” “(IMEP) are most common methods used IC engines. This paper critically evaluates different design of “floating-liner”. The begins by discussing frictional losses their significance then discuss development piston-friction measurements. After that, it reviews main challenges floating-liner approach. “Methods sealing” “force balancing methods” also reviewed. Design associated with firing operation were presented. Floating-liner designs classified into categories a detailed presentation features each. ends presenting range broad recommendations for further work which would benefit future designs.